ABSTRACT
The present investigation is on endophytic fungus Phomopsis spp isolated from four Indian medicinal plants like., Artabotrys odoratissimus, Cassia auriculata, Guazuma ulmifolia and Terminalia catappa in four different months. Antimicrobial activity of ethyl acetate extract from the culture filtrate of Phomopsis spp were tested against six human pathogenic bacteria. Isolated three Phomopsis spp. were grown in Czapex Dox Broth for 21-days. The extracellular secondary metabolites present in the culture filtrate were extracted with ethyl acetate solvent. The extracellular bio-active compounds of the isolated fungus were tested for its anti microbial potential in well diffusion method, against three, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella Pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Among all the three Phomopsis spp, the extract obtained from Phomopsis sp.2 exhibited a promising activity against the entire test bacteria. This bioactivity compounds focus on clinical pharmacology to identify a novel therapeutic targets and it can be easily scaled up for the large-scale commercial production.
ABSTRACT
Anti-inflammatory drugs presently available for the treatment of various inflammatory disorders have diverse and undesirable side effects. In recent years; active principles of varied chemical structures have been isolated from plants possessing anti-inflammatory activity. Sulfated polysaccharides present in algae were shown to posses anti-inflammatory properties. Ulva lactuca the green alga available in Tuticorin coast was found to show anti-inflammatory effect as evidenced by the reduction in the inhibition of oedema at the 4th day of the experiment compared with the positive control drug and control. Microscopic examination of the elite organs did not show any alteration compared with the control and reference group. Moreover, the hematological parameters were found normal compared with the control. The present study suggests the need for further studies for the development of anti-inflammatory drug of marine origin with proper clinical trials.
ABSTRACT
Sodium valproate (VPA) and ethosuximide (ESM) were compared on behavioural and EEG changes in gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) rat models of Absence Seizures (AS). Both GHB, 100 mg/kg i.p. and PTZ, 20 mg/kg i.p., produced repetitive episodes of staring and immobility with concomitant 6 to 9 Hz spike and wave discharges (SWDs) in the EEG. The parameters used for drug evaluation were the number and duration of SWDs/hour. Though the number of SWDs/hour produced by GHB and PTZ were not significantly different, the duration of SWDs was significantly longer in GHB treated rats (P < 0.001) VPA and ESM, at 200 mg/kg i.p., reduced SWD number and duration in GHB pretreated rats, whereas ESM, 50 mg/kg i.p., was four times more effective than VPA, 200 mg/kg i.p., in the PTZ model. Phenytoin (PHY) 20 and Carbamazepine (CBZ) 10 mg/kg i.p., worsened AS, a feature which has also been reported clinically. Both rat models of experimental AS can be used to defect potential anti-absence activity in new chemical entities.